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Patrick Artus, Economic Advisor to Ossiam and Member of Cercle des Économistes
Mathieu Xémard, project leader at Centre Interdisciplinaire d'Études pour la Défense et la Sécurité (IP Paris)
Hélène Masson, Senior Research Fellow at Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique
France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden are the main European countries that design, produce and export arms.
Lionel Suchet, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of CNES
The successful launch of Ariane 6 in March 2025 marks the return of progress towards greater sovereignty for Europe.
Samuel Faure, Lecturer in Political Science at Sciences Po Saint-Germain-en-Laye
A minority of EU Member States have a significant Defence base, while the vast majority do not and depend on non-European partners.
Christian Deblock, Professor Emeritus at Université du Québec
Since his return to the White House, President Donald Trump has placed tariffs at the heart of international concerns.
Jean-Marc Astorg, Director of Strategy at CNES
Patrick Artus, Economic Advisor to Ossiam and Member of Cercle des Économistes
The United States under Donald Trump presents Europe with major challenges: protectionism, global warming and militarisation.